Dr. Shigeki Tanaka's rice field following, partially, Fukuoka's philosophy of Natural Farming at the southern part of Kyoto prefecture on 22nd June 2000. See more detailed photos
This year 1999 1996 rfc:Okinori Taniguchi
1. A word is radically significant for the people to use it in a sentence by Quine. The meaning of a sentence is a picture or model of the reality by Wittgenstein, Stenius and Hintikka. Certain verbs like 'desire', 'look for', 'want' and etc. are used to express and communicate a design image, namely, what a designer want to design. A designer can be intentionally related to something which does not exist (by Brentano and Chisholm). According to Quine he fails to refer the object or the sentence is referentially opaque. Here comes the problem that what is 'existence' in the design field.
2. A single premise of the inference cannot be proved in principle because if a single sentence can be deduced from a certain system, then the negative one is also deduced. So at both the bottom of designing and the science the nihilism is latent if a we want to be logical or rational.
3. Overcoming of the nihilism: The nihilism attacks the existence or the base of things and human beings. Once attacked by the nihilism, for example, by loss of their most beloved one, or by loss of the most beloved things, all things and human beings lose their significance of their beings and are scattered into void space. All bondage and relations among them are cut off and fluid. This is because we think the existence from the side of existing, not from the non-existing. In order to overcome this instability, we must open the way of thinking the existence from the non-existence or nothing by Nishitani's philosophy. If we stand at this point, relations and bondage among things seems to be grasped as in a system of circuminsession. In this system all things are in a process of becoming master and servant to one another.
4. I present the natural farming by Mr. Fukuoka and Mr. Saito as the practical model of circuminsession. They are farmers, the former is at Iyo in Shikoku Ireland and has grown up rice, vegetables and fruits and the later is at Asahikawa in the central part of Hokkaido Ireland and has grown up cows, during more than 50 years.
5. 3 cases including the above two are examined and analyzed from the view point of how to have or not have been overcome the nihilism in the agricultural affairs. I set up the 'environmental design principle' as that the nature does not say anything. From this principle I deduce sub-principles or rules in the design field.
6. Three examples in the design field and analysis of them from design rules are presented ; the eDAC system which I have developed, the theoretical construction of design dialogue quoted from Schoen's sampling data to show how to overcome the nihilism in the design studio, and the introduction of the ethical stage into the design process and the application of it in the design studio class.
The Origin of "On 'Environmental Design Principle' "
1. Don't disturb orders of here and now.
2. Don't make anything a part of something.
3. Don't exclude anything.
Since the establishment of Environmental Design Department in 1990, I've begun to ask about "What is the environmental design and to answer it. On the way I found the sentence that " According to Mr. Masanobu Fukuoka, the earth is most important in the agriculture" in some book. I've read his books including his first book "Wara ippon no kakumei" which has been translated in English and seen his video:"" which make easy to understand the way of Fukuoka's philosophy about the agriculture in 1998. Besides, I've known Mr. Yoshikazu Kawaguchi who is a man following, partially, Fukuoka method by his own way in the southern part of Nara prefecture. Kawaguchi's practice is clear on the 16mm movie been produced by Mrs. Toshiko Toriyama in 1997. I make three principles above as working hypotheses.
Three principles come from Fukuoka's philosophy: 1.Uncultivation, 2.No fertilizer, 3.No medicine
Fukuoka's clay ball(*1), shown in the video of 1998, including seeds inside means earth seeds. Namely each clay ball is equivalent to Earth because all functions of Earth are encapsuled in it.
I do not practice the natural agriculture. Just only reading books, net-surfing web pages about natural agriculture and standing by fields of natural agriculture, I rely on others practicing them. Instead I have been trained as an architect and practiced about regional planning. Now I'm working as the stuff of educating environmental designer-to-be including architectural design, interior design, craft design and civic design. Environmental design must be concerned with all fields of craft, architecture and urban planning or more than that. If we open the standpoint of the latter, the above principles should be modified in their foundations over principles of the natural agriculture.
*1 Fukuoka's "clay ball" or "seed ball" is demonstrated in the English version of the video(NTSC/VHS/BTC/STEREO 61 minutes):"" which you can get by \3800+post fee:\270 from "Mr. Imaizumi, SARUBON, 4-8-5,Moto-asakusa, Daito-ku, 111-0041 TEL 03-3843-0877
Figure, Picture, Drawing
Gleichwohl vermoegen sie die erleuchtende Kraft der Bilder, ihre urspruengliche und unumgehbare Gegenwart nicht anzutasten. (Heidegger"ZUR SEINSFRAGE"p41, 1977,1956)